Cutter-head for wood-working machines



" 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

s. OSBORN.

CUTTER HEAD FOR WOOD WORKING MACHINES.

o. 294,067. Patented Feb. 26, 1884.

(No Model.)

2 SheetsSheet 2.

s OSBORN CUTTER HEAD FOR WOOD WORKING MACHINES.

Patented Feb. 26, 1884.,

n I v l/ I 1 a 5 1 L,

M/H Mun. .IHHH H NITED STATES FFICE.

PATENT SYLVESTER OSBORN, on DAVENPORT, IowA.

SE ECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 294,067, datedFebruary 26, 1884. Application filed June 20, 1883. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that-I, SYLvEsrEn OSBORN, of Davenport, in the county ofScott and State of Iowa, have invented certain Improvements inCutter-Heads for food-Working Machines, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention relates to a cutter-head for the production of moldings,beadings, and round surfaces and edges in general, whether of concave,convex, or compound form in cross section.

It consists, essentially, in a blade or cutter encircling a shaft orarbor, and toothed at the outer edge in a manner resembling that of acircular saw, the cutting-edge bein arranged eccentrically with respectto the axis of rotation, and being also curved or bent laterally. Inother words, the teeth are arranged both eccen trically and spirallyabout the axis. The result of this construction is that the differentteeth cutting at different depths into the wood, and at different pointsin its width, give to the edge or surface in cross-section a curved orirregular form. By giving the series of teeth a greater or lesseccentricity and by changing the extent the lateral or' spiraljvariationof curves may be modified as desired. It is preferred to construct thecutter, as hereinafter described, of a single plate of metal, toothed onthe edge, divided on one side from the center outward, and forced into aspiral form by throwing its two edges out of line; but, if preferred,the cutter may consist of two or more segments, each having a series ofsucceeding teeth, combined and secured in relation to each other bymeans of a suitable clamping-head.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents aperspective view of my cutter-head in a form adapted for the productionof a convex edge. Fig. 2 represents a longitudinal central section ofthe cutter-head. Fig. 3 is aperspective view of the blade or cutterproper and one of the clamping-hubs by which it is carried. Fig. 4 is aside View of the head represented in Fig. 1, which illustrates theeccentric arrangement of the teeth. Figs. 5 and 6 are side views,showing modified forms of the blade, together with diagrams showing theforms of the moldings produced by them, respectively. Fig. 7 is adiagram illustrating the manner in which the teeth act in parallelplanes and at different points in the width of the wood, so as toco-operate in producing the curved surface thereon.

Referring to Fig. 1, A represents a rotary arbor 'or spindle. which maybe mounted and driven in any suitable manner; B B, two clamping-hubsmounted upon said spindle and secured against rotation by a key, spline,or equivalent device; G, a collar on the arbor against which one of thehubs is seated; D, a nut upon the arbor, bearing against the oppositehub and serving to force the two together and E, the blade or cutterproper.

The blade is constructed, as shown in Fig. 3, of a single plate of metalprovided on the outer edge with a series of cutting-teeth, a,and in theinterior with an eccentric opening, b, to receive the arbor, a slit orincision being made from this central opening radially through one edgeof the plate, as shown in said figure, to admit of the two edges beingthrown laterally out of line with each other;

or, in other words, to admit of the plate being bent into a spiral form.

As clearly shown in Fig. 4, the outer toothed edge of the cutter-plateiseccentric to the cen tral hole, b. As will hereinafter more fullyappear, the extent of this eccentricity and the points at which theteeth are extended to the greatest distance will be modified accordingto the character of the curve to be produced in the wood.

The particular cutter represented in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 is designed toproduce a molding with a rounded convex edge, as represented in dottedlines in Fig. 2, and for this purpose the points of the teeth arearranged successively at increasing distances from the axis as the endsof the blade are approached. In other words, in passing from the ends ofthe blade around its periphery toward its central portion the teethbecome successively shorter, the shortest teeth being at the centralportion of the periphery.

In assembling the parts, the blade is inserted between the two hubs B,and the three parts applied upon the shaft and secured firmly inposition thereon, the hubs, which have their inner ends curved tocorrespond with each other and with the spiral curvature which the bladeis to receive, being forced tightly together to compress the bladebetween them, as represented in Figs. 1 and 2. It will be .versely tocorrespond with the lateral curvaperceived that on revolving the arborabout its axis the various teeth of the saw will have their pointscarried in planes parallel to each other andat right angles to the axisof rota tion, and also that the respective teeth will describe circlesof different diameters, corresponding to the distances at which theystand to the axis. On passing the wooden surface lengthwise past theedge of the cutter constructed as above in a direction at right anglesto the axis of the cutter, as indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 2,the long teeth of the cutter at the ends of the blade act at the edgesof the wood, and to a comparatively great depth, while the intermediateteeth, acting successivel y at different depths and at different pointsin the width of the material, serve jointly to impart to the wood arounded outline. (Represented in said figure.) If it be desired toproduce a concave instead of a con vex edge, the blade will beconstructed, as shown in Fig. 5, with the teeth decreasing successivelyin length from its central portion to its ends, the shortest teeth beingat the ends. If it be required to producea compound curve, such asrepresented in Fig. 6, the teeth will be made of great length at one endor side of the cutter, and of greatly diminished length to a point nearthe center of the periphery,wh ere they will be again increased inlength, as at (Z, for a suitable distance, and greatly shortened as theyapproach the opposite end of the blade. In order to adapt thecutter-head for a smooth=finished surface upon the wood, it is desirableto bevel the ends of the teeth transture or inclination of that portionof the curved surface upon which'they act. This lateral curvature isplainly represented at c, Fig. 2, and in the diagram Fig. 7, whichillustrates the relative points at which the different teeth act uponthe wood and the manner in which they cooperate to produce the curvedsurface.

It will be perceived by one skilled in the art that by suitablyproportioning the length of the teeth at different points on theperiphery of the blade the cutter may be adapted to produce moldings ofany required form in cross'section.

My improved cutter-head is advantageous because of its extremesimplicity and cheapness, of the readiness with which it may besharpened, and of the great rapidity with which it may be operated. Inthe manufacture of plow-handles,wagon-spokes, and many other objectsemployed in connection with agricultural machinery, it will be found ofspecial value. As before intimated, theblade may be constructed ofseveral sections, as indlcated by the dotted lines in Fig. 4. It will, a

of course, be understood that the construction of the hubs or clampingdevices and of the means for confining the same in position, may bemodified to any extent desired, provided only that they are adapted toretain the cutter-blade, whether in one piece or in several, firmly inposition.

WVhile I have referred to the blade as being of spiral form, and whileit is preferred in ordinary cases to give the same a true spiralcurvature, it is to be understood that this is not necessary, but thatgood results may be obtained by a blade the curvature of whichapproximates a true spiral form, or a blade of fiat form arranged in aplane oblique to the axis of rotation.

The present invention is restricted to those matters and things whichare hereinafter claimed, and as to all matters which may be described orshown,but which are not claimed, the right is reserved to make the samethe subject of a separate application.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is- 1. In a cutterhead,a blade arranged spirally on its axis, and provided with peripheralteeth arranged, respectively, at different distances from the axis.

2. In a cutter-head, the combination with clamping devices,substantially as shown, of a cutter consisting of a single spiral bladeprovided with peripheral teeth, the points of which are respectively atdifferent distances from the axis of rotation.

3. A rotary cutter-head encircled by an eccentrically-disposed series ofteeth arranged to revolve in parallel planes at right angles to the axisof rotation. V

4:. A cutter-head,substantially as described, provided with a spiralseries of teeth terminating at different distances from the axis, andrevolving in parallel planes, said teeth having their edges inclined orbeveled transversely, substantially as described and shown, whereby theyare caused to co-operate in producing a smooth curved surface.

5. The improved blade for a cutter-head, consisting of a single plate ofmetal, having a spiral curvature, an opening for the arbor, and a seriesof teeth the points ofwhich are at different distances from the centerof said opening.

6. In combination with the spiral blade E, having eecentrically-disposedteeth, the hubs B, and clamping devices, substantially as shown.

sYLvEsrER OSBORN.

lVitnesses:

J NO. W. THOMPSON, NATHL. FRENoH.

